Publications

2022

Kozhina G., Levik Y., Popov A., Smetanin B., Kozhina, G.V., Levik, Y.S., Popov, A.K. et al. Maintaining an Upright Posture with Different Sizes of the Object Providing Visual Feedback on Rigid and Compliant Supports. Hum Physiol 48, 1–12 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0362119722010066 http://iitp.ru/https://doi.org/10.1134/S0362119722010066
Kozhina G., Levik Y., Popov A., Smetanin B., Kozhina, G.V., Levik, Y.S., Popov, A.K. et al. Influence of Fixed Point Marks on Maintaining a Vertical Posture when Observing a Virtual Three-Dimensional Object Linked to Body Oscillations. Hum Physiol 48, 687–695 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0362119722700128 http://iitp.ru/https://doi.org/10.1134/S0362119722700128

2020

Smetanin B., Levik Y., Kozhina G., Popov A., Smetanin, B.N., Levik, Y.S., Kozhina, G.V. et al. The Size of the Visual Feedback-Providing Object Affects the Vertical Posture Maintenance in Humans. Hum Physiol 46, 677–688 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0362119720060109 http://iitp.ru/https://doi.org/10.1134/S0362119720060109

2019

Kozhina G., Levik Y., Popov A., Smetanin B., G. V. Kozhina, Y. S. Levik, A. K. Popov, B. N. Smetanin. Vertical Posture Maintenance with Multiple Repetitions under the Conditions of Destabilizing Virtual Visual Environment // September 2019, Volume 45, Issue 5, pp 515–522. Scopus, DOI: 10.1134/S0362119719050050 http://iitp.ru/doi.org/10.1134/S0362119719050050

2017

Smetanin B., Kozhina G., Popov A., Levik Y., Influence of passive tactile contact of arms on the maintenance of upright posture in humans // Human Physiology, July 2017, Volume 43, Issue 4, pp. 416–422, ISSN 0362-1197. SCOPUS https://www.springer.com/life+sciences/journal/10747 https://doi.org/10.1134/S0362119717030094 http://iitp.ru/https://doi.org/10.1134/S0362119717030094
Popov A., Smetanin B., Kozhina G., Hardware-software complex TEQCube implementing virtual reality room for research in biomechanics // Proceedings of the XX International Anniversary Conference on Computational Mechanics and Modern Applied Software Systems CMMASS"2017, 24-31 May, 2017, Alushta, p.675-677

2016

Smetanin B., Kozhina G., Popov A., Levik Y., Spectral Analysis of the Human Body Sway during Standing on Firm and Compliant Surfaces under Different Visual Conditions // Human Physiology, 2016, Vol. 42, No. 6, pp. 626–633, ISSN 0362-1197. SCOPUS https://www.springer.com/life+sciences/journal/10747 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S0362119716050157 http://iitp.ru/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S0362119716050157
Smetanin B., Kozhina G., Popov A., Analysis of the Human Body Sway During Standing on Firm and Compliant Surfaces under Different Visual Conditions // VI Russian conference with international participation devoted to the problems of the movement control “Motor Control - 2016 “ in Kazan, April 14-16, 2016; ISBN: 978-5-00019-604-5 http://kpfu.ru/portal/docs/F1001197198/310_3._.Sbornik._.Motor.Control.2016._.Blok.pdf
NL Malyar, E.V. Maximova, Talis V., КИНЕМАТИКА ПОДЪЕМА НА СТУПЕНЬКУ У ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ С РАННИМ ДЕТСКИМ АУТИЗМОМ Н. Л. Маляр, Е. В. Максимова, В. Л. Талис ЖУРНАЛ ВЫСШЕЙ НЕРВНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ, 2016, том 66, No 1, с. 1–13

2015

Smetanin B., Kozhina G., Popov A., Effects of Destabilization of Visual Environment Perception on the Maintenance of Upright Stance by Humans on Different Support Surfaces // Neurophysiology (2015) 47: 391. WoS. doi: 10.1007/s11062-016-9547-0 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11062-016-9547-0
Talis V., Vera Talis, Yves Ballay, Alexander Grishin, Thierry Pozzo Functional Electrical Stimulation Alters the Postural Component of Locomotor Activity in Healthy Humans Front. Neurosci., 18 December 2015 | http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2015.00478
Talis V., Talis V. New pages in the biography of Nikolai Alexandrovich Bernstein. In "Anticipation: Learning from the Past. The Russian/Soviet Contribution to the Science of Anticipation". M.Nadin (Ed.) Springer, 2015:313-328

2014

Talis V., E. Loosch & V. Talis (Eds): Feigenberg I.M.: „Nikolai Bernstein. From Reflex to the Model of the Future”, Berlin: LIT 2014. http://www.lit-verlag.de/isbn/3-643-90583-3 http://iitp.ru/https://www.abebooks.co.uk/9783643905833/Nikolai-Bernstein-Reflex-Model-Future-3643905831/plp
Talis V., V. L. Talis, O. V. Kazennikov, J. M. Castellote, A. A. Grishin, M. E. Ioffe Prior history of FDI muscle contraction: different effect on MEP amplitude and muscle activity Experimental Brain Research, 232, 3: 803-810 DOI10.1007/s00221-013-3789-5

2013

Kazennikov O., Levik Y., Lipshits M., Dependence of the Time of Motor Response in Discrimination Task on the Character of Visual Information Available, Human Physiology, 2013, Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 226–228.
De Saedeleer Caty, Vidal Manuel, Lipshits M., Bengoetxea Ana, Maria Cebolla Ana, Berthoz Alain, Cheron Guy, McIntyre Joseph, Weightlessness alters up/down asymmetries in the perception of self-motion, Experimental Brain Research, 2013, Volume 226, Issue 1, pp 95-106

2012

M. Castellote J., Kazennikov O., Lipshits M., LOAD DETECTION AND DISCRIMINATION IN A CATCHING TASK: ROLE OF HAPTIC AND AUDITORY INFORMATION Human Physiology, 2012, Vol. 38, №6, pp. 613-616
Talis V., Kazennikov O., В. Л. Талис, Х. М. Кастеллоте , О. В. Казенников, А. А. Гришин, М. Е. Иоффе Поддержание различных уровней электрической активности мышц сгибателей пальцев человека с помощью зрительной обратной связи Журнал высшей нервной деятельности, 2012, том 62, № 1, с. 1–8

2011

Smetanin B., Kozhina G., Popov A., B. N. Smetanin, G. V. Kozhina, A. K. Popov. Effects of Manipulations with Visual Feedback on Postural Responses in Humans Maintaining an Upright Stance // Neurophysiology July 2011, Volume 43, Issue 1, pp 30-37. http://iitp.ru/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11062-011-9182-8
Kazennikov O., Lipshits M., Participation of Primary Motor Cortex in the Programming of Muscle Activity during Catching of a Falling Object, Human Physiology, 2011, Vol. 37, No. 5, pp. 610–614.
Talis V., Kapitonov M.A., Maksimova E.V., Мышечные постэффекты и поддержание равновесия у здоровых и больных с нарушениями сенсомоторной интеграции Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И.П. Павлова 2011, том 61, № 3, с. 1–10
Talis V., Levik Y., Does the stability of elbow support influence the elbow joint matching accuracy? J Integr Neurosci 10:177-88. 2011
Lipshits M., Internal Reference Frame for the Representation and Storage of Visual Information during Standing Human Physiology, 2011, Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 299–303.

2010

Smetanin B., Kozhina G., Popov A., B. N. Smetanin, G. V. Kozhina, A. K. Popov. Postural Responses Evoked by Vibrational Stimulation of the Shin Muscles under Conditions of Virtual Visual Environment // Neurophysiology, July 2010, Volume 42, Issue 1, pp 50-56. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11062-010-9130-z

2009

Talis V., Kazennikov O., Solopova I., Ioffe M.E., Interhemispheric motor cortex influence during bimanual unloading, Journal of Integrative Neuroscience, 2009, 8(4): 409–416
Smetanin B., Kozhina G., Popov A., Human upright posture control in a virtual visual environment // Human Physiology March 2009, Volume 35, Issue 2, pp 177–182 http://doi.org/10.1134/S0362119709020078
Kazennikov O., M.Wiesendanger, Bimanual coordination of bowing and fingering in violinists--effects of position changes and string changes. Motor Control. 2009 Jul;13(3):297-309.
Selionov V., Ivanenko Yu., Solopova I., Gurfinkel V., Tonic Central and Sensory Stimuli Facilitate Involuntary Air-Stepping in Humans J Neurophysiol 101: 2847–2858, 2009.
Kazennikov O., Shlykov V., Levik Y., Relationship between postural oscillations on an unstable support and variations of the force of grip on a hand-held object. Human Physiology. 2009. vol. 35, No 3, pp. 386-388. Русский оригинал: Физиология человека, 2009, т. 35, № 3, с. 137-139.

2008

Lipshits M., Kazennikov O., Lipshits MI, Kazennikov OV. Relationship between the time of the beginning of the anticipatory postural components and the latent period of raising the arm in the vertical posture] Fiziol Cheloveka. 2008 Jul-Aug;34(4):88-96.
McIntyre J., Lipshits M., Central processes amplify and transform anisotropies of the visual system in a test of visual-haptic coordination. // J. Neuroscience, January 2008; 28(5): 1246-1261.
Talis V., Kazennikov O., Solopova I., Талис В.Л., Солопова И.А., Казенников О.В. Кортико-спинальная возбудимость при вибрационных реакциях предплечья человека. Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И. П. Павлова, 2008, 58(5):552-61.
Talis V., Kazennikov O., Solopova I., M.Ioffe, Anticipatory postural adjustment before bimanual unloading reactions: the role of the motor cortex in motor learning, Experimental Brain Research, 2008, 186,215-223
Talis V., Solopova I., Grishin A., Oskanyan T., Belen’kii V., Ivanenko Yu., Asymmetric leg loading during sit-to-stand, walking and quiet standing in patients after unilateral total hip replacement surgery. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2008, 23/4,424-433.

2007

Talis V., Kazennikov O., Solopova I., M.Ioffe, Motor Cortex in the natural and learned bimanual unloading, Motor Control 2007, Vol.11 (Suppl), .47
Talis V., Solopova I., Талис В.Л., Солопова И.А., Гришин АА, Осканян Т.Л., Беленький В.Е. Особенности координации вставания со стула и ходьбы у людей с замененным тазобедренным суставом. Физиология человека, 2007, N2, т.33 , с 19-26

2006

Lipshits M., Cheron G, Leroy A, Bengoetxea A, De Saedeleer C, Cebolla A, Lipshits M, McIntyre J. Les neurosciences spatiales: l"électroencéphalographie dans la navigation virtuelle..// Science Connection, 2006, N10, fevrier , pp. 25-29.
Lipshits M., Cheron G., Leroy A., De Saedeleer C., Bengoetxea A., Lipshits M. Cebolla A., Servalis L., Dan. B., Berthoz A., McIntyre J. Effect of gravity on human spontaneous 10-Hz electroencephalographic oscillations during the arrest reaction.// Brain Research, 2006, V. 1121, N 1, pp. 104-116
Talis V., Almeida GL, Corvalo RL, Talis VL, Postural strategy to keep balance on the seesaw, Gait & Posture, 2006, 23: 17-21.

2005

Popov K., Smetanin B., Kozhina G., Dependence of the Magnitude of Postural Reactions in Humans on the Strength of Unilateral Galvanic Anodal and Cathodal Vestibular Stimulations. Neirofiziologiya/Neurophysiology, 2005, Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 169-176.
Kazennikov O., Baader AP, Kazennikov O, Wiesendanger M. Coordination of bowing and fingering in violin playing. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 2005 May;23(2-3):436-43.
Kazennikov O., Kazennikov OV, Wiesendanger M. Goal synchronization of bimanual skills depends on proprioception. Neurosci Lett. 2005 Nov 18;388(3):153-6.
Lipshits M., M. Lipshits, A. Bengoetxea, G. Cheron, J. McIntyre. Two reference frames for visual perception in two gravity conditions. // Perception. 2005, v.34, p. 545-555.
Talis V., Kazennikov O., Solopova I., Талис В.Л., Солопова И.А., Казенников О.В., Кортикоспинальна возбудимость при прямых и переключенных реакциях на стимуляцию мышечных афферентов у человека: исследование методом транскраниальной магнитной стимуляции, Сенсорные системы 2005, 19(3),255-263.
Talis V., Kazennikov O., Solopova I., Kazennikov O, Solopova I, Talis V, Grishin A, Ioffe M TMS-responses during anticipatory postural adjustment in bimanual unloading in humans. Neurosci Lett. 2005 5,383(3), 246-250

2004

Talis V., Solopova I., Kazennikov O., Grishin A., Ioffe M.E., Казенников О.В., Солопова И.А., Талис В.Л.,Гришин А.А., Иоффе М.Е., Роль моторной коры в бимануальной реакции разгрузки. Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И. П. Павлова, 2004, 54(6) 759-766

2003

Lipshits M., M. Vidal, M. Lipshits, J. McIntyre, A. Berthoz. Gravity and Spatial Orientation in Virtual 3D-Mazes. // J. Vestibular Research. 2003, V.13(4-6), p. 273-826.

2002

Kazennikov O., Kazennikov O, Perrig S, Wiesendanger M. Kinematics of a coordinated goal-directed bimanual task. Behav Brain Res. 2002 Aug 21;134(1-2):83-91.

2001

Lipshits M., J. McIntyre, M. Lipshits, M. Zaoui, A. Berthoz, V. Gurfinkel. Internal reference frames for representation and storage of visual information: the role of gravity. // Acta Astronautica. 2001, V.49, No. 3-10, P. 111-121.
Lipshits M., M. Lipshits, J. McIntyre, M. Zaoui, V. Gurfinkel, A. Berthoz. Does gravity play an essential role in the asymmetrical visual perception of vertical and horizontal line length? // Acta Astronautica. 2001, V.49, No. 3-10, P. 123-130.
Popov K., Smetanin B., Kozhina G., Adaptational Modifications of the Vestibular Postural Response in Humans under Conditions of Horizontal Visual Reversal. Neurophysiology, 2001, V. 33, Number 4, p. 258-265

2000

Talis V., Solopova I., Talis VL, Solopova I.A. Vibration-induced postural reaction continues after the contact with additional support. Motor Control, 2000, 4, 407-419.

1999

Lipshits M., M. Lipshits, J. McIntyre. Gravity affects the preferred vertical and horizontal in visual perception of orientation. // NeuroReport. 1999. V.10. P.1085-1089.
Popov K., Kozhina G., Smetanin B., Shlykov V., Postural responses to combined vestibular and hip proprioceptive stimulation. Eur. J. Neurosci., 1999, Vol. 11, № 9, 3307-3311.
Kazennikov O., Kazennikov O, Hyland B, Corboz M, Babalian A, Rouiller EM, Wiesendanger M. Neural activity of supplementary and primary motor areas in monkeys and its relation to bimanual and unimanual movement sequences. Neuroscience. 1999 Mar;89(3):661-74.
Kazennikov O., Perrig S, Kazennikov O, Wiesendanger M. Time structure of a goal-directed bimanual skill and its dependence on task constraints. Behav Brain Res. 1999 Aug;103(1):95-104.
Talis V., Solopova I., Талис В.Л., Солопова И.А. Влияние дополнительной опоры на вибрационные реакции у человека в положении стоя. Физиология человека 1999,25 (3): 102-110
Talis V., Kazennikov O., Ivanenko Yu.P. Talis VL, Kazennikov O.V. Support stability influences postural responses to muscle vibration in humans. Eur. J. Neurosci. 1999 Feb, 11(2): 647-54.

1998

Lipshits M., A. Semjen, G. Leone, M. Lipshits. Temporal control and motor control: two functional modules which may be influenced differentially during microgravity. // Human Movement Science. 1998. V.17. P.77-93.
Lipshits M., G. Leone, S. De Schonen, M. Lipshits. Prolonged weigthlessness, reference frame and visual symmetry detection. // Acta Astronautica. 1998, v.92, P.281-286.
Lipshits M., S. De Schonen, G. Leone, M. Lipshits. The face inversion in microgravity: Is gravity used as a spatial reference for complex object? // Acta Astronautica. 1998, V.92, P.287-301.
Lipshits M., A. Semjen, G. Leone, M. Lipshits. Motor timing under microgravity. // Acta Astronautica. 1998, V.92, P. 303-321.

1997

Talis V., Levik Y., Ivanenko Yu.P., Levik Yu.S., Talis VL, Gurfinkel V.S. Human equilibrium on unstable support: the importance of feet-support interaction. Neuroscience Letters 1997 235: 109-112.

1995

Lipshits M., G. Leone, M. Lipshits, J. McIntyre, V. Gurfinkel. Independence of bilateral symmetry detection from a gravitational reference frame. // Spatial Vision. 1995. V. 9. № 1 P.127-137.
Lipshits M., G. Leone, M. Lipshits, V. Gurfinkel, A. Berthoz. Influence of graviceptive cues at different level of visual information processing: the effect of prolonged weightlessness. // Acta Astronautica. 1995. V. 36. P.743-751.
Lipshits M., G. Leone, M. Lipshits, V. Gurfinkel, A. Berthoz. Is there an effect of weightlessness on mental rotation of three-dimentional objects? // Cognitive Brain Res. 1995. V.2 P.255-267.
Lipshits M., G. Leone, M. Lipshits, V. Gurfinkel, A. Berthoz. Is there an effect of weightlessness on mental rotation of three-dimentional objects? // Cognitive Brain Res. 1995. V.2 P.255-267.
Lipshits M., Авторы: J. McIntyre, E.V. Gurfinkel, M.I. Lipshits, J. Droulez, V.S. Gurfinkel. Measurements of human force control during a constrained arm motion using a force-actuated joistick. // J. Neurophysiol., 1995, V. 73, # 3, PP. 1201-1222.
Lipshits M., Авторы:J. McIntyre, E.V. Gurfinkel, M.I. Lipshits, J. Droulez, V.S. Gurfinkel. Measurements of human force control during a constrained arm motion using a force-actuated joistick. // J. Neurophysiol., 1995, V. 73, # 3, PP. 1201-1222.
Berkinblit M., Fookson O.I., Smetanin B., Adamovich S.V., Poizner H., The interaction of visual and proprioceptive inputs in pointing to actual and remembered targets. Exp.Br.Res., 1995, 107: 326-330.
Talis V., Ivanenko Yu.P., Talis VL Support stability and the postural vibratory reactions in man. Fiziologia cheloveka [In Russian] 1995, v.21, N1: 123-131.

1994

Smetanin B., Adamovich S.V., Berkinblit M., Fookson O.I., Poizner H., Effects of Head position on errors in 3-D pointing to remembered locations. Neurophysiology, 1994,26, N 2, 98-105.
Аdamovich S., Berkinblit M., Smetanin B., Fookson O., Poizner H., Influence of movement speed on accurary of pointing to memorized targets in 3D space. Neuroscience Letters, 1994,172, 171-174.
Fookson O.I., Smetanin B., Berkinblit M., Adamovich S., Feldman A.G., Poizner H., Azimuth errors in pointing to remembered targets under extreme head rotations. Neuroreport, 1994, 5, 885-888.

1993

Lipshits M., Y. Matsakis, M. Lipshits, V. Gurfinkel, A. Berthoz. Effects of prolonged weightlessness on mental rotation of three-dimensional objects. // Exp. Brain Reseach. 1993, v. 94, pp. 152-162.
Lipshits M., C. Andre-Deshays, I. Israel, O. Charade, A. Berthoz, K. Popov, M. Lipshits. Gaze control in microgravity. I. Saccades, pursuit, eye-head coordination. // J.Vestibular Research. 1993, v. 3, # 3, pp. 331-343.
Lipshits M., I. Israel, C. Andre-Deshays, O. Charade, A. Berthoz, K. Popov, M. Lipshits. Gaze control in microgravity. 2. Sequences of saccades toward memorized visual targets. // J. Vestibular Research. 1993, v. 3, # 3, pp. 345-360.
Lipshits M., J. Massion, V. Gurfinkel, M. Lipshits, A. Obadia, K. Popov. Axial synergies under microgravity conditions. // J. Vestibular Research. 1993, v. 3, # 3, pp. 275-287.
Lipshits M., J.-P. Roll, K. Popov, V. Gurfinkel, M. Lipshits, C. Andre-Deshays, J.C. Gilhodes, C. Quoniam. Sensorimotor and perceptual function of muscle proprioception in microgravity. // J. Vestibular Research. 1993, v. 3, # 3, pp. 259-273.

1992

Berkinblit M., Sidorova V.Y., Smetanin B., Tkach T.V., Afferent influence on central generators and the integration of proprioceptive input with afferent input from other modalities. Behavioral and brain sciences, 1992,15, N 4, 709-711.

1990

Lipshits M., J.Massion, V.Gurfinkel, M.Lipshits, A.Obadia, K.Popov. Strategie et synergie: deux niveaux de controle de l"equilibre au cors du mouvement. Effets de la microgravity. C.R.Acad.Sci., Paris, 1990, t.314, serie III, p.87-92.

1988

Lipshits M., V.S.Gurfinkel, M.I.Lipshits, F.G.Lestienne. Anticipatiory ajustments posturaux associes a la mobilisation volontaireneck muscle activity associated with rapid arm movements. Neuroscience Letters, 1988, v.94, p. 104-108.

1985

Lipshits M., G.Clement, V.S.Gurfinkel, F.Lestienne, M.I.Lipshits, K.E.Popov. Changes in Posture during Transient Perturbations in Microgravity. Aviat., Space and Environment. Med., 1985, p. 666-671.

1984

Lipshits M., G.Clement, V.S.Gurfinkel, F.Lestienne, M.I.Lipshits, K.E.Popov. Adaptation of Postural Control to Weightlessness. Exp. Brain Res., 1984, v. 57, p. 61-72.

1983

Lipshits M., V.S.Gurfinkel, M.I.Lipshits, S.Mori, K.E.Popov. Interaction of central program for postural control and inherent reflex mechanism such as stretch reflex during standing. - Agressologie, 1983, v.24, #2, p.63-64.
Lipshits M., G.Clement, V.S.Gurfinkel, F.Lestienne, M.I.Lipshits, K.E.Popov. Ajustments posturaux associes a la mobilisation volontaire du bras en situation de microgravite. C.R. Acad. Sc. Paris, 1983, v. 296, Serie III, p. 789-792
Lipshits M., G.Clement, V.S.Gurfinkel, F.Lestienne, M.I.Lipshits, K.E.Popov. A study of mechanisms of posture maintenance in the weightlessness-state. The Physiologist, 1983, v. 26, #6, Suppl, S-86 - S-89.

1979

Lipshits M., V.S.Gurfinkel, M.I.Lipshits, K.E.Popov. Kinesthetic thresholds in the orthograde posture. Agressologie, 1979, v.20, p.133-134.
Lipshits M., V.S.Gurfinkel, M.I.Lipshits, M.L. Latash, K.E.Popov. An Investigation of human postural regulation by bilateral vibration of muscles. Agressologie, 1979, v.20, B, p.151-152.
Lipshits M., V.S.Gurfinkel, M.I.Lipshits, K.E.Popov. On the origin of short-latency muscle responses to postural disturbances. Agressologie, 1979, B, p.153-154.

1976

Lipshits M., A.M.Elner, V.S.Gurfinkel, M.I.Lipshits, G.V.Mamasakhlisov. Facilitation of stretch reflex by additional support during quiet stance. Agressologie, 1976, v.17, A, p.15-20.
Lipshits M., M.Bonnet, V.S.Gurfinkel, M.J.Lipshits, K.E.Popov. Central programming of lower limb muscular activity in the standing man. - Agressologie, 1976, v.17, B, p.35-42
Lipshits M., V.S.Gurfinkel, M.I.Lipshits, S.Mori, K.E.Popov. Postural reactions to the controlled sinusoidal displacement of the supporting platform. - Agressologie, 1976, v.17, B, p.71-76.
Lipshits M., V.S.Gurfinkel, M.I.Lipshits, S.Mori, K.E.Popov. The state of stretch reflex during quiet standing in man. - In: Understanding the stretch reflex. S.Homma(Ed.). Progress in Brain Research, v.44, North Holland: Elsevier, 1976, p.473-486.